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معلومات إضافية

• المحتوى بالإنجليزية What is Corporate Strategy?
  Corporate Strategy takes a portfolio approach to strategic decision making by looking across all of a firm’s businesses to determine how to create the most value. In order to develop a corporate strategy, firms must look at how the various business they own fit together, how they impact each other, and how the parent company is structured, in order to optimize human capital, processes, and governance. Corporate Strategy builds on top of business strategy, which is concerned with the strategic decision making for an individual business.
  What are the Components of Corporate Strategy?
  There are several important components of corporate strategy that leaders of organizations focus on. The main tasks of corporate strategy are:
  
  Allocation of resources
  Organizational design
  Portfolio management
  Strategic tradeoffs
  In the following sections, this guide will break down the four main components outlined above.
  
  
  
  #1 Allocation of Resources
  The allocation of resources at a firm focuses mostly on two resources: people and capital. In an effort to maximize the value of the entire firm, leaders must determine how to allocate these resources to the various businesses or business units to make the whole greater than the sum of the parts.
  
  Key factors related to the allocation of resources are:
  
  People
  Identifying core competencies and ensuring they are well distributed across the firm
  Moving leaders to the places they are needed most and add the most value (changes over time, based on priorities)
  Ensuring an appropriate supply of talent is available to all businesses
  Capital
  Allocating capital across businesses so it earns the highest risk-adjusted return
  Analyzing external opportunities (mergers and acquisitions) and allocating capital between internal (projects) and external opportunities
  
  
  #2 Organizational Design
  Organizational design involves ensuring the firm has the necessary corporate structure and related systems in place to create the maximum amount of value. Factors that leaders must consider are the role of the corporate head office (centralized vs decentralized approach) and the reporting structure of individuals and business units – vertical hierarchy, matrix reporting, etc.
  
  Key factors related to organizational design are:
  
  Head office (centralized vs decentralized)
  Determining how much autonomy to give business units
  Deciding whether decisions are made top-down or bottom-up
  Influence on the strategy of business units
  Organizational structure (reporting)
  Determine how large initiatives and commitments will be divided into smaller projects
  Integrating business units and business functions such that there are no redundancies
  Allowing for the balance between risk and return to exist by separating responsibilities
  Developing centers of excellence
  Determining the appropriate delegation of authority
  Setting governance structures
  Setting reporting structures (military / top-down, matrix reporting)
  
  
  #3 Portfolio Management
  Portfolio management looks at the way business units complement each other, their correlations, and decides where the firm will “play” (i.e. what businesses it will or won’t enter).
  
  Corporate Strategy related to portfolio management includes:
  
  Deciding what business to be in or to be out of
  Determining the extent of vertical integration the firm should have
  Managing risk through diversification and reducing the correlation of results across businesses
  Creating strategic options by seeding new opportunities that could be heavily invested in if appropriate
  Monitoring the competitive landscape and ensuring the portfolio is well balanced relative to trends in the market
  
  
  #4 Strategic Tradeoffs
  One of the most challenging aspects of corporate strategy is balancing the tradeoffs between risk and return across the firm. It’s important to have a holistic view of all the businesses combined and ensure that the desired levels of risk management and return generation are being pursued.
  
  Below are the main factors to consider for strategic tradeoffs:
  
  Managing risk
  Firm-wide risk is largely depending on the strategies it chooses to pursue
  True product differentiation, for example, is a very high-risk strategy that could result in a market leadership position or total ruin
  Many companies adopt a copycat strategy by looking at what other risk-takers have done and modifying it slightly
  It’s important to be fully aware of strategies and associated risks across the firm
  Some areas might require true differentiation (or cost leadership) but other areas might be better suited to copycat strategies that rely on incremental improvements
  The degree of autonomy business units have is important in managing this risk
  Generating returns
  Higher risk strategies create the possibility of higher rates of return. The examples above of true product differentiation or cost leadership could provide the most return in the long run if they are well executed.
  Swinging for the fences will lead to more home runs and more strikeouts, so it’s important to have the appropriate number of options in the portfolio. These options can later turn into big bets as the strategy develops.
  Incentives
  Incentive structures will play a big role in how much risk and how much return managers seek
  It may be necessary to separate the responsibilities of risk management and return generation so that each can be pursued to the desired level
  It may further help to manage multiple overlapping timelines, ranging from short-term risk/return to long-term risk/return and ensuring there is appropriate dispersion
  Summary
  Corporate Strategy is different than business strategy, as it focuses on how to manage resources, risk, and return across a firm, as opposed to looking at competitive advantages.
  
  Leaders responsible for strategic decision making have to consider many factors, including allocation of resources, organizational design, portfolio management, and strategic tradeoffs.
  
  By optimizing all of the above factors, a leader can hopefully create a portfolio of businesses that is worth more than just the sum of the parts.